![]() He also postulated that if the centres of gravity of two equal weights was not the same, it would be located in the middle of the line that joins them. The 3rd-century-BCE Greek physicist Archimedes discovered the centre of mass of a triangle. The cause of the downward motion of heavy bodies, such as the element earth, was related to their nature ( gravity), which caused them to move downward toward the Earth's centre, while light bodies such as the element fire, were moved by their nature ( levity) upward toward the celestial sphere of the Moon. In the 4th century BCE, the Greek philosopher Aristotle taught that there is no effect or motion without a cause. 475 BCE) used the word logos ('word') to describe a kind of law which keeps the cosmos in harmony, moving all objects, including the stars, winds, and waves. The Ionian Greek philosopher Heraclitus ( c. ![]() The hypothetical force carrier of gravity remains an outlier in the search for a theory of everything, for which various models of quantum gravity are candidates. Newton's classical mechanics were superseded in the early 20th century, when Einstein developed the special and general theories of relativity. The existence of the gravitational constant was explored by various researchers from the mid-17th century, helping Isaac Newton formulate his law of universal gravitation. In 1632, he put forth the basic principle of relativity. In the early 17th century, Galileo Galilei found that all objects tend to accelerate equally in free fall. Albert also developed a law of proportion regarding the relationship between the speed of an object in free fall and the time elapsed. In the 14th century, European philosophers Jean Buridan and Albert of Saxony-who were influenced by certain Islamic scholars -developed the theory of impetus and linked it to the acceleration and mass of objects. In the 7th century, Indian astronomer Brahmagupta spoke of gravity as an attractive force. In the 6th century CE, Byzantine Alexandrian scholar John Philoponus modified the Aristotelian concept of gravity with the theory of impetus. ![]() 1st century BCE) understood that objects fall based on their specific gravity. 4th century BCE) believed that objects tend toward a point due to their inner gravitas (heaviness). This was superseded by Albert Einstein's theory of relativity in the early 20th century. This work was furthered through the Middle Ages by Indian, Islamic, and European scientists, before gaining great strides during the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution-culminating in the formulation of Newton's law of gravity. The first extant sources discussing such theories are found in ancient Greek philosophy. There have been numerous theories of gravitation since ancient times. In physics, theories of gravitation postulate mechanisms of interaction governing the movements of bodies with mass. ![]()
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